法律英语词汇分类四 庞大又陌生的法语词

由于英国曾经很长一段时间是受法国人统治的,故英文法律词汇中属法语词源的词汇数量也相当庞大,而且这些已经构成了基本的英文法律词汇。由于法语词汇形态和发音与英文词汇极其相似,故没有受过词源学方面专门训练的人士一般无法辨识这些词的来源。但又由于这类法语词法律意义上的词义比较专一,所以法律专业人员对这些词似乎情有独钟,使用得甚至比地道的英文法律词汇更为频繁。这些词主要有:

action, agreement, appeal, arrest, arson, assault, attorneys, battery, bill, claim, condition, constables, contract, counsel, count, court, covenant, crime, damage, debt, declaration, defendant, demand, descent, devise, easement, evidence, execution, felony, goals(jails), grant, guarantee, guardian, heir, indictment, infant, judges, judgment, jurors, justice, justices, larceny, lien, marriage, misdemeanour, money, note, obligation, pardon, parties, partner, payment, plaintiff, pleadings, pledge, police, possession, prisons, property, purchase, reprieve, robbery, sentence, servant, slander, suit, tort, treason, trespass, verdice.

还有一部分古旧的法文词尚未进入普通英文的词汇表,其使用范围只局限在法律专业人员之间的书面交流中。这些专用的法语词有:

alien (意思相当与to transfer), chose in action, demurrer, estoppels, estoppels in pais, esquire, fee simple and fee tail, attorney general, laches, metes and bounds, oyez, quash, roll (judgment roll), save (except), specialty (sealed contract), style (name and style), voire dire.

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