把‘连带责任’译成‘joint liability’错了吗?

关于“连带责任”一词的翻译,有人说连带责任应该翻译成‘joint liability’。又有人说要译成‘joint and several liability’才准确。那么究竟该采用哪种翻译是好呢?

 Joint and Several Liability直译为连带与单独责任,按照我国民法的用语习惯,应意译为连带责任。英美法上,区分Joint and Several Liabilityjoint liabilityseveral liabilityJoint and Several Liability是在侵权法和合同法中,债权人自由决定由全体债务人或者其中的一人或者数人承担,所以每个债务人实际上都独立的对全部债务负责。在债务人之间,某一偿付人有权从其他未偿付人处得到分摊。这相当于我国民法上的连带责任。

而joint liability是由两人或者两人以上共同承担的责任,若其中一人被起诉,则其可要求其余人必须作为共同被告应诉;若其中一人死亡,则其责任由其他生存者承担,应翻译为共同责任,与大陆法系的不真正连带有所类似,但不完全相同。several liability是指两人或多人对原告的请求各自承担的责任,应翻译为单独责任。

所以说,连带责任的准确翻译因结合当事人所承担责任的不同。如果是按照国内的习惯,应该翻译为joint and several liability,请看以下例句:

1. 除各方另有约定外,任何一方对合营公司不负超出其认缴的出资额的任何责任。任何一方均不就合营公司债务和义务对任何第三方有任何连带责任

Neither of the party shall be jointly and severally liable to any third party for the JV Company’s liabilities and obligations.

2. Whether joint and several liability provisions should be abolished and replaced with proportionate liability.

连带责任规定是否应该被废除并由比例责任取代呢?

另外,与joint and several组合为短语的还有joint and several bond(连带保函;连带债券)、joint and several contract(连带合同)、joint and several judgment(连带判决)等。

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