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By and large, it is perfectly permissible to do what a competitor does, provided that no specially protected rights are involved, such as patents are trademarks. 一般地说，做竞争对手所做的事，是完全允许的；但以不涉及诸如专利与商标等得到特别保护的权利者为限。
But a breach of §1 may nevertheless be involved under certain circumstances, for example, where a person systematically imitates another’s products, latches on to his brainwaves, or exploits his good reputation by echoing his publicity or aping the get-up of his goods. 尽管如此，在一定情况下仍可发生违反本法第1条的情事，如下列情况所示：故意仿效他人产品；获取他人的灵感妙想；步他人的后尘作人云亦云的宣传以猎取他人的声誉；或模仿他人商品的外观。