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作为和不作为 act and omission 法律英语常用词汇

通常情况下,act是指“法案”或直接称为“法”,是英美法系国家命名制定法的一种称谓。但是当act作为omission的反义词时,它的意思就与action类似,意为“作为”,即积极的行为;omission则相反,意为“不作为”,即消极的行为。此时,act一般不需要以法定义务为前提,而omission则通常必须以法定义务为前提。

例1:The complaint alleged that the driver had committed various negligent acts and omissions.

译:原告诉称驾驶员实施了各种疏忽的作为与不作为

例2: Neither the carrier nor the ship be responsible for loss or damage arising or resulting from act or omission of the shipper or owner of the goods, his agent or representative.

译:承运人或船舶对由于托运人或货主、其代理人或代表的作为或不作为引起或造成的灭失或损坏,都不负责。

例3:No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time when it was committed.

译:任何人的任何作为或不作为,在其发生时依国家法或国际法均不构成刑事犯罪的,不得被判为犯有刑事罪。

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