The Department of Commerce defines direct foreign investment as “all foreign business organizations in which a US person, organization, or affiliated group owns an interest of 10 percent or more”. 美国商务部把直接对外投资规定为“美国的个人、组织或有隶属关系的集团在其中至少拥有10%权益的一切外国企业”。
Since the conditional sales contract is a security agreement relating to specific equipment, the conditional sales contract is now the type of collateral called chattel paper.” 由于该附条件买卖合同是涉及特定设备的担保协议，所以附条件买卖合同现在就是一种叫做‘动产契据’的担保品了。”
it should now be clear that commercial law is only a special part of general private law and cannot be understood or applied except in the light of its provisions. 现在我们应该清楚了：商法只是私法总则中的一个分则，因而非从总则出发就无法理解并适用这个分则。
in order to start a business or trade in the U.S., it is generally not required to seek anybody’s permission. 为了在美国开办企业或从事某种行业，一般并不要求取得任何人的准许。
the Constitution of the United States not only provides the foundation for our form of government but also contains numerous provisions that have a direct impact upon the legal environment in which business operates. 美国宪法不但为美国的政府形式奠定了基础，而且也包括许多规定，直接影响商业活动的法律环境。
understanding “the law” is a difficult process. 懂得“法”是个艰难的过程。
At the same time, new methods and techniques are being constantly developed under the influence of better understanding of the working of economic processes. 同时，由于人们对经济诸过程之运行有了迸一步了解，其影响所及，新方法和新技术层出不穷，无时或已。
看到有人在一张支票上冒签了他人姓名就接着攫取了那张被伪造的支票并拿到银行去兑现的人，已经使用了伪造的文书 – 这也是一种犯罪。The man who sees someone else forge your name to a check, and then snatches the forged check, takes it to a bank and cashes it has uttered a forged document, which is also a criminal offense.
To be a holder of a negotiable instrument, a person must have possession of an instrument that is properly indorsed and delivered to him or her. 要成为流通证券的持有人，就必须占有经适当背书后交给他（她）的票据。