在界定何种行为属于违法以及应受到怎样的处罚时,”any person who does…shall…”是最简洁明了的表达句型,这是香港法律中判处罪犯的一个基本句式。在句法上,这个句型通常会把主语和谓语用逗号分开,中间加插一个定语修饰词。
而中国内地法律翻译中相对应的句式为“Whoever…is to be sentenced to not more/less than *** year(s) of fixed-term imprisonment/life imprisonment/death”. 表达为“凡是/任何人…即属犯罪,一经定罪(一经公诉判决),可处(罚款…和)监禁…年。”
例:
Whoever sets fires, breaches, dikes, causes explosions, spreads poisons, or uses other dangerous means that lead to people’s serious injuries or death or cause public or private property to suffer major losses is to be sentenced to not less than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment, life imprisonment or death.
Whoever commits the crimes in the preceding paragraph negligently is to be sentenced to not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention.
“防火、决水、爆炸、投毒或者以其他危险方式致人重伤、死亡或者是公私财产受到重大损失的,处10年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑。
过失犯前款罪的,处7年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。”(刑事诉讼法 第106条)
Any person who, without lawful authority or reasonable excuse, while having dealings of any kind with any other public body, offers any advantage to any public servant employed by that public body, shall be guilty of an offence.
任何人与其它公共机构进行任何事务往来时﹐无合法权限或合理辩解而向受雇于该公共机构的公职人员提供任何利益﹐即属犯罪。
该句型标准的谓语动词是shall+do 但是也可以与第三人称单数配合的动词现在式。如上例中的commits an offence或 is liable to a fine of。 该句型的变种有:把主语改为every person , a person但是汉语中译法不变,一概翻为“任何人”
A person shall not, by reason only of his being an executor of a will, be incompetent to be admitted a witness to prove the execution of such will , or a witness to prove the validity or invalidity thereof.
任何人不会仅因为身为遗嘱执行人,而没有资格获接受为见证人以证明遗嘱的签立,或证明该遗嘱具备或不具备效力。
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