Shall 与特征标记词“应该（当）”的翻译
在表述“施为性”和“必要性”的法律概念时，汉语用典型特征的词“应当”、“应该”或“应”来表示法律英语中shall 包含的“权力义务和责任”的法律含义。我国现行法规的英文翻译就能充分对比这些特征。
1. The Customs shall keep the reporters secret.
海关应当为举报人保密（《中华人民共和国海关法》第8条）。
2. The finished products for processing trade shall be exported within the specified time limit. For those imported materials used for the purpose that are bonded with approval given in accordance with State regulations, formalities for the records of bond shall be written off with the Customs; where duties are collected in advance, formalities for the drawback of the duties paid shall be completed with the Customs in accordance with law.
加工贸易制成品应当在规定的期限内复出口。其中使用的进口料件，属于国家规定准予保税的应当向海关办理核销手续；属于先征收税款的，依法向海关办理退税手续（《全国人大关于修改〈中华人民共和国海关法〉的决定》第17条）。
3. When the lawsuit is brought, a statement of complaint shall be provided to the People’s Court, and copies of the statement shall be provided according to the number of defendants.
起诉应当向人民法院递交起诉状，并按照被告人数提出副本（《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第109条）
4. After the creditor has submitted his application, the People’s Court shall inform the creditor within five dayswhether it accepts the application or not.
债权人提出申请后，人民法院应当在五天内通知债权人是否受理（《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第190条）。
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